Orthetrum
cancellatum |
|
Common Name:
|
Black-tailed Skimmer |
|
Odonata |
Order:
|
Odonata |
Suborder:
|
Anisoptera |
Family:
|
Libellulidae |
Genus:
|
Orthetrum |
Species:
|
O. cancellatum |
|
|
The
Name |
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus,
1758), the Black-tailed Skimmer, is a European large skimmer dragonfly
from the Family Libellulidae.
The male has a blue abdomen with
a black tip and transparent wings, thorax and eyes are dark brown or green.
The female and Immature males have a yellowish brown body with black zigzag
marks along the abdomen and transparent wings. This species has expanded
its range, assisted by the creation of gravel pits which give it the extensive
open unvegetated areas it prefers. It was first recorded in Great Britain
in Essex in 1934. It is decreasing rapidly in the Maltese islands.
Males may be confused with the Scarce
Chaser (Libellula fulva) however the latter has a dark patch at the base
of the wings
|
The
Characteristics |
The Black-tailed Skimmer has a total
length between 44 and 50 mm, a similar species is Orthetrum albistylum.
The wings are clear and the pterostigma (cell in the outer wing) is black
and the abdomen is broad and flattened in both sexes. Males have a bluish
abdomen with yellow sides. Young males look similar to females but they
change colour during maturation. Females have a bright yellow abdomen with
longitudinal black bands. Young males and females can be told apart from
their eyes, females’ eyes are darker. The abdomen turns darker during growth.
The nymphs are aquatic, short, stocky and slightly flattened.
Prefers larger ponds and lakes, especially
gravel pits, with bare sandy areas on the banks where the males 'skim'
over the water surface flying low and very fast returning repeatedly to
settle on the same bare area of bank. Females are less in evidence and
spend much of their time in nearby vegetation.
|
The
Reproduction and Development |
At breeding sites males hold territory
around perch on ground or low vegetation near on water's edge, aggressively
attacking other males. Also patrol over open water. Approaching females
are seized and brief copulation ensues. Feed from perches taking large
prey items including grasshoppers (Orthoptera), damselflies (Zygoptera)
and butterflies (Lepidoptera).
Females oviposits alone but with
male in attendance. Eggs are laid in flight by dipping abdomen onto water
surface. Larvaes live in bottom of pond partly buried in silt. Development
takes 2-3 years. Emergence happens in early morning up to 10m away
from habitat.
Flight period from end of April to
the end of August.
Preferred environment are lowland
pools and lakes with shallow margins and areas of bare shore. Often in
artificial sites including gravel pits. Most common in early successional
stage, decreasing as plant cover increases.
|
The
Distribution |
Southern and central Europe to southern
Scandinavia; absent from most of extreme western Europe and most of Scandinavia;
north Africa, Middle East and Asia east to Kashmir and Mongolia. The Black-tailed
Skimmer is one of the most common dragonfly species around Europe.
|
The
Protection Status |
Common and abundant throughout its
range. |
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-tailed_Skimmer
http://www.habitas.org.uk/dragonflyireland/5641.htm
http://wildlife-archipelago.gr/wordpress/terrestrial-inverts/black-tailed-skimmer/
|
The
Species on Stamps |
|
|
|
With courteous to Mr. Richard
Lewington for the Dragonfly Illustration
|
|
Home | Country
List | Species List
|